{"name":"Blood Alcohol (BAC) Limits by State (US) — LegalLimit.com","description":"A state-by-state table of US legal blood-alcohol concentration limits — adult per se, commercial-driver, under-21, and enhanced or aggravated thresholds — plus a short implied-consent refusal consequence and the official statute citation. Every numeric value is taken from the same primary-source-cited state data as LegalLimit.com hub pages. Compiled by LegalLimit.com.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.legallimit.com/bac-limits-by-state","dateModified":"2026-10-01","reviewedRange":"August 2026–October 2026","temporalCoverage":"2026-08-30/2026-10-01","variableMeasured":["Standard adult per se BAC","Commercial driver BAC","Under-21 BAC","Enhanced / aggravated BAC","Implied-consent refusal consequence","Statute citation"],"keywords":["BAC limits by state","blood alcohol concentration","legal drinking limit","commercial driver BAC","under 21 BAC","implied consent refusal"],"columns":[{"id":"displayName","label":"State"},{"id":"slug","label":"Slug"},{"id":"standardBac","label":"Standard adult per se BAC"},{"id":"commercialBac","label":"Commercial driver BAC"},{"id":"underTwentyOneBac","label":"Under-21 BAC"},{"id":"enhancedBac","label":"Enhanced / aggravated BAC"},{"id":"enhancedNote","label":"Enhanced note"},{"id":"refusalConsequence","label":"Implied-consent refusal consequence"},{"id":"statuteCitation","label":"Statute citation"},{"id":"statuteUrl","label":"Official statute URL"},{"id":"rowStatus","label":"Row status"}],"rows":[{"slug":"alabama","displayName":"Alabama","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5A-191","citation":"Ala. Code § 32-5A-191","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5A-191","citation":"Ala. Code § 32-5A-191","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5A-191","citation":"Ala. Code § 32-5A-191","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Under Alabama's implied-consent law (§32-5-192), driving on public highways is consent to a breath, blood, or oral-fluid test when lawfully arrested for DUI.","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5-192","citation":"Ala. Code § 32-5-192","status":"value","sortValue":"Under Alabama's implied-consent law (§32-5-192), driving on public highways is consent to a breath, blood, or oral-fluid test when lawfully arrested for DUI. Refusing a lawfully requested test results in an administrative license suspension imposed by the Alabama State Law Enforcement Agency, scaled by prior alcohol- or drug-related enforcement contacts in the preceding 10 years (§32-5-192(c)(2), routing to §32-5A-304(b)): 90 days with no prior contacts, 1 year with one, 3 years with two, and 5 years with three or more. If a driver refuses, no test is given unless police obtain a court order (§32-5-192(c)). On a first DUI conviction, a refusal also makes a 1-year ignition interlock mandatory (§32-5A-191(e))."},"statuteCitation":"Ala. Code § 32-5A-191","statuteUrl":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5A-191","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"alaska","displayName":"Alaska","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#28.35.030","citation":"Alaska Stat. § 28.35.030","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#28.33.030","citation":"Alaska Stat. § 28.33.030","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#28.35.280","citation":"Alaska Stat. § 28.35.280","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Under Alaska's implied-consent law (AS 28.35.031), operating a motor vehicle, aircraft, or watercraft in Alaska is consent to a chemical test of the person's breath when lawfully arrested for DUI.","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#28.35.031","citation":"Alaska Stat. § 28.35.031","status":"value","sortValue":"Under Alaska's implied-consent law (AS 28.35.031), operating a motor vehicle, aircraft, or watercraft in Alaska is consent to a chemical test of the person's breath when lawfully arrested for DUI. Refusing a lawfully requested test is itself a separate crime under AS 28.35.032 — a class A misdemeanor carrying the same mandatory-minimum penalty ladder as a DUI (72 hours / $1,500 / 6-month IID for a first refusal), and a class C felony on the same 10-year / prior-felony-punishment trigger as AS 28.35.030(n). A refusal sentence runs CONSECUTIVELY with any DUI sentence imposed from the same arrest (AS 28.35.032(g)(5)). A driver involved in an accident causing death or serious physical injury has no right to refuse under AS 28.35.035. The refusal is admissible as evidence at trial (AS 28.35.032(e))."},"statuteCitation":"Alaska Stat. § 28.35.030","statuteUrl":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#28.35.030","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"arizona","displayName":"Arizona","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/01381.htm","citation":"A.R.S. § 28-1381","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/01381.htm","citation":"A.R.S. § 28-1381","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/4/00244.htm","citation":"A.R.S. § 4-244(34)","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"0.20%","url":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/01382.htm","citation":"A.R.S. § 28-1382","status":"value","sortValue":0.2},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing the requested chemical test triggers an administrative license suspension imposed by the MVD independent of the criminal case: 12 months for a first refusal, or 2 years for a second or subsequent refusal within 84 months (§28-1321(B), (G)(3)).","url":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/01321.htm","citation":"A.R.S. § 28-1321","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing the requested chemical test triggers an administrative license suspension imposed by the MVD independent of the criminal case: 12 months for a first refusal, or 2 years for a second or subsequent refusal within 84 months (§28-1321(B), (G)(3)). Refusal is NOT a separate crime in Arizona, and refusing does not avoid prosecution — the State can still proceed on the §28-1381(A)(1) impairment theory and on a sample obtained by warrant. After a refusal the test is not given except pursuant to a search warrant OR as provided in §28-1388(E) (§28-1321(D)(1)) — the post-Birchfield/McNeely warrant posture (both exceptions survive; a warrant is not the sole path). The special ignition interlock restricted license is barred for a second or subsequent refusal within 84 months (§28-1321(P)). This refusal suspension is a separate clock from the §28-1385 administrative-per-se suspension (see arizona-faq-9)."},"statuteCitation":"A.R.S. § 28-1381","statuteUrl":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/01381.htm","lastReviewed":"2026-09-25","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"arkansas","displayName":"Arkansas","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/arcode/Default.asp","citation":"Ark. Code § 5-65-103","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/arcode/Default.asp","citation":"Ark. Code § 27-23-114","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/arcode/Default.asp","citation":"Ark. Code § 5-65-303","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test in Arkansas is a separate strict-liability VIOLATION under Ark. Code § 5-65-205(a)(2) — not just an administrative matter.","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/arcode/Default.asp","citation":"Ark. Code § 5-65-202","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test in Arkansas is a separate strict-liability VIOLATION under Ark. Code § 5-65-205(a)(2) — not just an administrative matter. The Office of Driver Services shall suspend or revoke the driving privilege of a refuser under § 5-65-205(b): 180 days for a first refusal; 2 years for a second within 5 years; 3 years revocation for a third within 5 years; and LIFETIME revocation for a fourth within 5 years. An IID restricted license is available immediately for a first-offense refuser arrested for alcohol (not drugs). The general restricted driving permit is NOT available for a first-offense refusal. An unlicensed resident who refuses faces a 6-month (first) or 1-year (second+) license denial."},"statuteCitation":"Ark. Code § 5-65-103","statuteUrl":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/arcode/Default.asp","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"california","displayName":"California","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&sectionNum=23152.","citation":"Cal. Veh. Code § 23152","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&sectionNum=23152.","citation":"Cal. Veh. Code § 23152","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.01%","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&sectionNum=23136.","citation":"Cal. Veh. Code § 23136","status":"value","sortValue":0.01},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a breath or blood test after a lawful DUI arrest triggers a 1-year administrative license suspension from the DMV for a first-time refusal, 2 years for a second refusal within 10 years, and 3 years for a third (VC §13353).","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&sectionNum=23612.","citation":"Cal. Veh. Code § 23612","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a breath or blood test after a lawful DUI arrest triggers a 1-year administrative license suspension from the DMV for a first-time refusal, 2 years for a second refusal within 10 years, and 3 years for a third (VC §13353). Refusal also adds mandatory jail time on top of any underlying DUI conviction under VC §23577, and the DMV action runs independently of the criminal court case."},"statuteCitation":"Cal. Veh. Code § 23152","statuteUrl":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&sectionNum=23152.","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"colorado","displayName":"Colorado","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf","citation":"C.R.S. § 42-4-1301","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf","citation":"C.R.S. § 42-2-126","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf","citation":"C.R.S. § 42-4-1301","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Colorado’s \"expressed consent\" law deems every driver to have consented to chemical testing when a law enforcement officer with probable cause requests it (§ 42-4-1301.1(1)-(2)).","url":"https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf","citation":"C.R.S. § 42-4-1301.1","status":"value","sortValue":"Colorado’s \"expressed consent\" law deems every driver to have consented to chemical testing when a law enforcement officer with probable cause requests it (§ 42-4-1301.1(1)-(2)). Refusing — or failing to cooperate so a sample can be collected within two hours of driving — is not itself a crime, but it carries heavy consequences. Administrative: the Department of Revenue revokes the license for ONE year for a first refusal, TWO years for a second, and THREE years for a third or subsequent (at least three years if the driver was operating a commercial vehicle carrying hazardous materials) (§ 42-2-126(3)(c)). A refusal also makes the driver a \"persistent drunk driver\" (§ 42-1-102(68.5)(a)(IV)), which requires completing a level II alcohol program and holding an interlock-restricted license for at least two years as conditions of reinstatement (§ 42-2-126(4)(d)(II); § 42-2-132.5(3)). A driver whose license was revoked for refusal may apply for early reinstatement with an interlock-restricted license after two months of the revocation (under-21 drivers must wait one year) (§ 42-2-132.5(4)(a)(I)); a signed 2026 law (HB26-1242) repeals that two-month wait effective June 1, 2027. Evidentiary: the refusal is admissible at the DUI or DWAI trial, and the driver may not claim the privilege against self-incrimination as to it (§ 42-4-1301(6)(d)). Police may not physically restrain a driver to take blood UNLESS there is probable cause for vehicular homicide, vehicular assault, criminally negligent homicide, or third-degree assault — in those cases an involuntary blood draw is authorized and admissible (§ 42-4-1301.1(3); § 42-4-1301(6)(e)). A commercial driver who refuses is placed out of service for 24 hours and loses the commercial privilege for one year (§ 42-4-1301.1(4)). For alcohol testing, a driver 21 or older may choose blood or breath; once made, the election generally cannot be changed (§ 42-4-1301.1(2)(a))."},"statuteCitation":"C.R.S. § 42-4-1301","statuteUrl":"https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"connecticut","displayName":"Connecticut","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/sup/chap_248.htm#sec_14-227a","citation":"Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-227a","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/sup/chap_248.htm#sec_14-227a","citation":"Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-227a","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_248.htm#sec_14-227g","citation":"Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-227g","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Under Connecticut's implied-consent law (C.G.S. § 14-227b), operating a motor vehicle in the state is consent to a chemical test of blood, breath, or urine (and to the nontestimonial portion of a drug influence evaluation).","url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/sup/chap_248.htm#sec_14-227b","citation":"Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-227b","status":"value","sortValue":"Under Connecticut's implied-consent law (C.G.S. § 14-227b), operating a motor vehicle in the state is consent to a chemical test of blood, breath, or urine (and to the nontestimonial portion of a drug influence evaluation). Refusing a lawfully requested test is NOT a separate crime in Connecticut — it is an administrative matter handled by the DMV. The refusing driver faces a 24-hour on-scene license revocation, a 45-day DMV administrative suspension under §14-227b(i)(1), and a longer IID-on-restoration period under §14-227b(i)(2)(C): 1 year for a first refusal, 2 years for a second, 3 years for a third or subsequent (regardless of age). The administrative suspension runs alongside the separate court-ordered suspension on any conviction — they do not merge. Critically, the refusal IS admissible as evidence at the criminal DUI trial under §14-227a(e)(1), and the court must instruct the jury on what inferences may or may not be drawn from it. A person involved in an accident causing death or serious physical injury has no right to refuse under §14-227b(j) (hospital blood/urine testing)."},"statuteCitation":"Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-227a","statuteUrl":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/sup/chap_248.htm#sec_14-227a","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"delaware","displayName":"Delaware","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc09/index.html","citation":"21 Del. C. § 4177","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc09/index.html","citation":"21 Del. C. § 4177M","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc09/index.html","citation":"21 Del. C. § 4177L","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Under Delaware's implied-consent law (21 Del. C. § 2742), driving a vehicle in the state is consent to chemical testing of blood, breath, or urine.","url":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c027/sc03/index.html","citation":"21 Del. C. § 2742","status":"value","sortValue":"Under Delaware's implied-consent law (21 Del. C. § 2742), driving a vehicle in the state is consent to chemical testing of blood, breath, or urine. Refusing a lawfully requested test is NOT a separate crime in Delaware — it is an administrative matter handled by the DMV. The refusing driver faces an administrative license revocation under § 2742(b)(1): 1 year for a person with no prior § 4177-type violation within 5 years; 18 months for one prior; 24 months for two or more priors. Refusal also re-routes the CONVICTION-track revocation under § 4177A to the .20+-tier duration (24 months first offense, 30 months second, 36 months third). The administrative revocation runs alongside the conviction-track revocation. A person involved in an accident causing death or serious injury may be tested without consent under § 2742(a) when the officer proceeds without invoking the implied-consent warning. Refusal does not, by statute, establish a separate trial-admissibility rule, but Delaware courts have permitted the fact of refusal to be used at trial."},"statuteCitation":"21 Del. C. § 4177","statuteUrl":"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc09/index.html","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"district-of-columbia","displayName":"District of Columbia","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2206.01","citation":"D.C. Code § 50-2206.01","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2206.01","citation":"D.C. Code § 50-2206.01","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2206.01","citation":"D.C. Code § 50-2206.01","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Under D.C. Code § 50-1905, refusing chemical testing after arrest is NOT a separate crime in DC — it is an administrative matter.","url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-1904.02","citation":"D.C. Code § 50-1904.02","status":"value","sortValue":"Under D.C. Code § 50-1905, refusing chemical testing after arrest is NOT a separate crime in DC — it is an administrative matter. A refuser faces either (a)(2)(A) revocation of DC driving privilege for 12 months, OR (a)(2)(C) for a DC-licensed driver, mandatory enrollment in the Ignition Interlock System Program under § 50-2201.05a for 1 year (first refusal), 2 years (one prior covered offense or refusal), or 3 years (two or more). A refusal plus a prior DUI/CMV-DUI/OWI conviction creates a rebuttable presumption that the person is under the influence (§ 50-1905(b)). The refusal IS admissible at the criminal trial (§ 50-1905(c)). A person involved in a fatal collision who refuses may have blood specimens collected by reasonable means (§ 50-1905(d)), subject to religious/medical objection (breath/urine instead)."},"statuteCitation":"D.C. Code § 50-2206.11","statuteUrl":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2206.11","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"florida","displayName":"Florida","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.193","citation":"Fla. Stat. § 316.193","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/322.62","citation":"Fla. Stat. § 322.62","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/322.2616","citation":"Fla. Stat. § 322.2616","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a lawful breath, urine, or blood test can trigger a DHSMV administrative suspension: 1 year for a first refusal and 18 months if the driver has a prior refusal suspension.","url":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.1932","citation":"Fla. Stat. § 316.1932","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a lawful breath, urine, or blood test can trigger a DHSMV administrative suspension: 1 year for a first refusal and 18 months if the driver has a prior refusal suspension. Refusal is also admissible in criminal proceedings under §316.1932. Separately, §316.1939 makes breath or urine refusal its own misdemeanor case when the statutory warnings and arrest predicates are met: second-degree misdemeanor for a first refusal and first-degree misdemeanor for a second or subsequent refusal. Blood-refusal criminal exposure requires careful constitutional analysis; Florida 1a MX1 carried Birchfield and McGraw caveats, while §316.1939 itself is breath/urine-specific."},"statuteCitation":"Fla. Stat. § 316.193","statuteUrl":"https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.193","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"georgia","displayName":"Georgia","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/Default.asp","citation":"O.C.G.A. §40-6-391","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/Default.asp","citation":"O.C.G.A. §40-6-391","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/Default.asp","citation":"O.C.G.A. §40-6-391","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a state-administered chemical test under O.C.G.A. §40-5-67.1(d) triggers a flat 1-year administrative license suspension imposed by the Department of Driver Services (DDS), regardless of prior count.","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/Default.asp","citation":"O.C.G.A. §40-5-67.1","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a state-administered chemical test under O.C.G.A. §40-5-67.1(d) triggers a flat 1-year administrative license suspension imposed by the Department of Driver Services (DDS), regardless of prior count. The suspension is administrative, not criminal: refusal itself is not a separate crime in Georgia. The license-action consequence is on the §40-5-67.1(d) refusal-track suspension, distinct from the §40-5-67.2(a) tiered fail-track suspension (1 year at first-within-5y / 3 years at second-within-5y / 5 years at third-within-5y) that operates when the driver submits and the test reads at or above the per-se threshold. Refusal does NOT bar evidence acquisition: §40-5-67.1(d.1) preserves the state's ability to obtain chemical-test evidence by search warrant or otherwise notwithstanding the refusal. A driver may opt to apply for an Ignition Interlock Device Limited Driving Permit (IID-LDP) under §40-5-64.1(a)(2) instead of contesting the suspension; issuance of the IID-LDP constitutes waiver of the §40-5-67.1(g) administrative hearing per §40-5-67.1(g)(1). On the refusal track, §42-8-110.1(a)(2) requires the IID to remain installed for at least 12 months — the operational counterpart to the standard §40-5-67.1(d) 1-year refusal suspension. The §40-5-64.1(d) 1-year permit-validity framework (with 2-month renewals) runs in parallel. The driver has 30 days from notice to request the §40-5-67.1(g) administrative hearing; the request requires a $150 filing fee per §40-5-67.1(g)(1). Failure to request waives the right to a hearing. Hearing scope under §40-5-67.1(g)(2) is limited to: (A) whether the law-enforcement officer had reasonable grounds to believe the person was driving in violation of §40-6-391, AND (i) the person was placed under lawful arrest, OR (ii) the person was involved in a motor vehicle accident or collision resulting in serious injuries or fatalities; (B) implied-consent notice properly given; (C) refusal in fact (or fail at the per-se threshold); and (D) chemical test properly administered by qualified personnel on approved equipment. §40-5-64.1(a)(4) categorical disqualifications make the IID-LDP unavailable to under-21 drivers, drivers not currently licensed to operate a motor vehicle in this state, CDL holders, crash-injury/fatality suspendees, or drivers whose license is suspended for any other reason; §40-5-64.1(c)(2) makes the §42-8-111 financial-hardship-waiver-from-Title-42-Article-7 holder ineligible for any LDP or other driving privilege for 1 year. See ga-faq-10 and ga-faq-12."},"statuteCitation":"O.C.G.A. §40-6-391","statuteUrl":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/Default.asp","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"hawaii","displayName":"Hawaii","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0291E/HRS_0291E-0061.htm","citation":"Haw. Rev. Stat. § 291E-61","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0286/HRS_0286-0240.htm","citation":"Haw. Rev. Stat. § 286-240(a)(2)","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0291E/HRS_0291E-0064.htm","citation":"Haw. Rev. Stat. § 291E-64","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test in Hawaii is NOT a separate crime — the State must honor the refusal under the state constitution (State v. [137 H. 330 (2015)]).","url":"https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0291E/HRS_0291E-0011.htm","citation":"Haw. Rev. Stat. § 291E-11","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test in Hawaii is NOT a separate crime — the State must honor the refusal under the state constitution (State v. [137 H. 330 (2015)]). Refusal is enforced through the administrative revocation track: under HRS § 291E-41(c), a refusal doubles the administrative revocation period to 2 years (no prior contact in 10 yr), 4 years (one prior), or 8 years (two or more priors) — versus the standard 1/2/4-year periods. The administrative revocation runs alongside any court-ordered revocation on a conviction. A refusal following a lawful arrest still permits the officer to seek a warrant for a blood draw in appropriate circumstances."},"statuteCitation":"Haw. Rev. Stat. § 291E-61","statuteUrl":"https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0291E/HRS_0291E-0061.htm","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"idaho","displayName":"Idaho","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title18/T18CH80/SECT18-8004/","citation":"Idaho Code § 18-8004","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title18/T18CH80/SECT18-8004/","citation":"Idaho Code § 18-8004","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title18/T18CH80/SECT18-8004/","citation":"Idaho Code § 18-8004","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing an evidentiary test in Idaho carries a civil (not criminal) penalty under Idaho Code § 18-8002(4): a $250 civil penalty, a 1-year absolute license suspension (2 years for a second refusal within 10 years), and mandatory IID installation for 1 year following the suspension.","url":"https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title18/T18CH80/SECT18-8002/","citation":"Idaho Code § 18-8002","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing an evidentiary test in Idaho carries a civil (not criminal) penalty under Idaho Code § 18-8002(4): a $250 civil penalty, a 1-year absolute license suspension (2 years for a second refusal within 10 years), and mandatory IID installation for 1 year following the suspension. The refusal sanction is SEPARATE from any criminal conviction (§ 18-8002(5)). A hearing may be requested within 7 days; the burden is on the defendant to show why they refused. Drug court participants may get restricted driving after 45 days absolute + IID."},"statuteCitation":"Idaho Code § 18-8004","statuteUrl":"https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title18/T18CH80/SECT18-8004/","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"illinois","displayName":"Illinois","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-501","citation":"625 ILCS 5/11-501","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K6-514","citation":"625 ILCS 5/6-514","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-501.8","citation":"625 ILCS 5/11-501.8","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a state-administered chemical test under 625 ILCS 5/11-501.1 triggers a Statutory Summary Suspension (SSS) that runs in parallel to (and independent of) any criminal prosecution.","url":"https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-501.1","citation":"625 ILCS 5/11-501.1","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a state-administered chemical test under 625 ILCS 5/11-501.1 triggers a Statutory Summary Suspension (SSS) that runs in parallel to (and independent of) any criminal prosecution. The SSS regime is the Illinois automatic administrative consequence — it takes effect on the 46th day after notice (the §11-501.1(g) effective-date delay) and continues for the §6-208.1 statutory duration regardless of whether the underlying §11-501 charge results in conviction. SSS DURATION MATRIX under §6-208.1: (a)(1) first-offender REFUSAL = 12 months; (a)(2) first-offender FAIL (BAC 0.08+ or drug detected at/above the §11-501.2 threshold) = 6 months; (a)(3) non-first-offender REFUSAL = 36 months; (a)(4) non-first-offender FAIL = 12 months. \"First offender\" is defined in §11-500: a person is a first offender unless (a) they have a prior §11-501 conviction or court-assigned supervision (lifetime), (b) they have a prior similar out-of-state DUI conviction (lifetime), (c) they have a prior chemical-test refusal suspension under §6-206(a)(6) from another state (lifetime), or (d) they have a prior §11-501.1 SSS within 5 years prior to current offense (5-year window). EXCEPTION at predicate (d): a prior §11-501.1 SSS within 5 years does NOT remove first-offender status if (i) the prior SSS was based on chemical-test results showing 0.08+ BAC or any unlawful-drug presence (the FAIL track, not the refusal track) AND (ii) the defendant was subsequently found NOT GUILTY of the underlying §11-501 charge. Per §11-500: \"except in cases where the driver submitted to chemical testing resulting in an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more … and was subsequently found not guilty of violating Section 11-501, or a similar provision of a local ordinance.\" The exception preserves first-offender status (and therefore MDDP eligibility and the lower SSS-duration track) for defendants acquitted of the predicate DUI charge. CRASH-PERSONAL-INJURY-OR-DEATH OVERRIDE — §11-501.1(c) (the implied-consent warning text) and §6-208.1 (the SSS-duration matrix) together impose SUMMARY REVOCATION (not just suspension) when you refuse chemical testing AND were involved in a motor vehicle crash that caused personal injury or death; the §11-501.1(c) warning text informs you of this consequence at arrest, and §6-208.1(e) administers the consequence by making a first-offender refused-and-crash-PI/death defendant categorically INELIGIBLE for MDDP and forcing a 1-year wait before applying for reinstatement or RDP. \"Personal injury\" in §11-501.1(c) is defined at §11-501.1(i) and includes any Type A injury indicated on the traffic crash report (severely bleeding wounds, distorted extremities, injuries that require the injured party to be carried from the scene) requiring immediate professional attention — a minor scrape does not trigger the (c) revocation conversion. STATUTORY MANDATE-TESTING in crash-PI/death cases — §11-501.2(c)(2) is a separate Illinois statutory override that compels testing regardless of refusal-in-fact when the officer has probable cause that a DUI driver caused death or personal injury. Verbatim: \"Notwithstanding any ability to refuse … the law enforcement officer shall request, and that person shall submit, upon the request of a law enforcement officer, to a chemical test or tests.\" The Illinois Supreme Court in People v. Jones, 214 Ill. 2d 187 (2005) confirmed that §11-501.2 does not grant a statutory right to refuse — in PI/death cases the statute itself compels submission, and no warrant is needed. Refusal in (c)(2) cases is therefore not a viable evidence-blocking strategy; testing happens regardless. CONCURRENT-RUNNING — §6-208.1(d) credits SSS time toward the post-conviction §6-205 revocation reinstatement-eligibility wait, so the periods are concurrent rather than sequential. PROCEDURAL DEADLINES — the driver has 90 days from the notice to request a JUDICIAL HEARING in the CIRCUIT COURT OF VENUE under §2-118.1 to contest the SSS; failure to request waives the right. The §2-118.1 hearing is held de novo before the circuit court (NOT an administrative hearing before the Secretary of State). Hearing scope under §2-118.1 is limited to four issues: (i) probable cause / reasonable grounds, (ii) lawful arrest, (iii) implied-consent warning properly given, and (iv) refusal-in-fact or fail-at-the-per-se-threshold or proper test administration. (§2-118 is the SEPARATE administrative-hearing framework that governs RDP applications and post-revocation reinstatement applications before the Secretary of State; do not confuse the two.) MDDP — a Monitoring Device Driving Permit under §6-206.1 issues automatically to first-offender SSS recipients (other than the (c) summary-revocation track), allowing 24/7 driving with a BAIID for the SSS duration; the defendant opts OUT if desired. CDL holders face additional disqualification under §6-514. See il-faq-4, il-faq-5, il-faq-14."},"statuteCitation":"625 ILCS 5/11-501","statuteUrl":"https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-501","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"indiana","displayName":"Indiana","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://iga.in.gov/laws/2026/ic/titles/9#9-30-5-1","citation":"Ind. Code § 9-30-5-1","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://iga.in.gov/laws/2026/ic/titles/9#9-24-6.1-6","citation":"Ind. Code § 9-24-6.1-6","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://iga.in.gov/laws/2026/ic/titles/9#9-30-5-8.5","citation":"Ind. Code § 9-30-5-8.5","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.15%","url":"https://iga.in.gov/laws/2026/ic/titles/9#9-30-5-1","citation":"Ind. Code § 9-30-5-1","status":"value","sortValue":0.15},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test is not a separate crime; it triggers a BMV administrative license suspension of one year, or two years if the driver has a prior OWI conviction (Ind. Code 9-30-6-9).","url":"https://iga.in.gov/laws/2026/ic/titles/9#9-30-6-1","citation":"Ind. Code § 9-30-6-1","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test is not a separate crime; it triggers a BMV administrative license suspension of one year, or two years if the driver has a prior OWI conviction (Ind. Code 9-30-6-9). The refusal is admissible against the driver at trial (Ind. Code 9-30-6-3), and a driver whose license is suspended for refusing is generally ineligible for specialized driving privileges, though a court may still allow driving with an ignition interlock device. A stricter rule applies after an accident that causes serious injury or death: refusing a portable breath or chemical test offered in that setting is itself a Class C infraction (a Class A infraction if the driver has a prior OWI conviction), and the court must suspend driving privileges for one year, or two years with a prior OWI, followed by a three-year proof-of-financial-responsibility requirement (Ind. Code 9-30-7-5)."},"statuteCitation":"Ind. Code § 9-30-5-1","statuteUrl":"https://iga.in.gov/laws/2026/ic/titles/9#9-30-5-1","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"iowa","displayName":"Iowa","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321J.2.pdf","citation":"Iowa Code § 321J.2","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321J.6.pdf","citation":"Iowa Code § 321J.6","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321J.6.pdf","citation":"Iowa Code § 321J.6","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test of breath or urine in Iowa triggers an administrative license revocation under Iowa Code § 321J.9 (separate from the criminal conviction track).","url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321J.6.pdf","citation":"Iowa Code § 321J.6","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test of breath or urine in Iowa triggers an administrative license revocation under Iowa Code § 321J.9 (separate from the criminal conviction track). The revocation period for refusal is: 1 year for a first offense with no prior; 2 years for a second+ with a prior revocation under Chapter 321J. Refusal also bars eligibility for a deferred judgment under § 907.3 on the underlying OWI charge (§ 321J.2(3)(b)(2)(d)). Refusing a blood test is NOT deemed a refusal — the officer must then offer breath or urine. If the officer fails to offer a test within 2 hours of the arrest or preliminary screening test, there is no revocation."},"statuteCitation":"Iowa Code § 321J.2","statuteUrl":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321J.2.pdf","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"kansas","displayName":"Kansas","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_015_0067.html","citation":"K.S.A. 8-1567","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_002_0144.html","citation":"K.S.A. 8-2,144","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_015_0067a.html","citation":"K.S.A. 8-1567a","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test is not a crime in Kansas — the statute that once criminalized refusal (K.S.A. 8-1025) was declared unconstitutional by the Kansas Supreme Court in State v. Ryce and repealed in 2019.","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_010_0001.html","citation":"K.S.A. 8-1001","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test is not a crime in Kansas — the statute that once criminalized refusal (K.S.A. 8-1025) was declared unconstitutional by the Kansas Supreme Court in State v. Ryce and repealed in 2019. Refusal instead carries administrative license consequences: on a first refusal, a one-year suspension followed by a two-year ignition-interlock restriction, escalating to three, four, five and ultimately 10 years of interlock restriction for repeat occurrences (K.S.A. 8-1014(a)). The refusal itself can still be used as evidence against the driver at trial (K.S.A. 8-1001(n))."},"statuteCitation":"K.S.A. 8-1567","statuteUrl":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_015_0067.html","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"kentucky","displayName":"Kentucky","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=58145","citation":"Ky. Rev. Stat. § 189A.010","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=14482","citation":"Ky. Rev. Stat. § 281A.210","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=58145","citation":"Ky. Rev. Stat. § 189A.010","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Driving in Kentucky is deemed consent to breath, blood, and urine testing when an officer has reasonable grounds to believe a DUI occurred (KRS 189A.103(1)). Refusing brings consequences on several fronts: the court suspends the license at arraignment, before any conviction (KRS 189A.200(1)(a)); on conviction of a…","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=53541","citation":"Ky. Rev. Stat. § 189A.103","status":"value","sortValue":"Driving in Kentucky is deemed consent to breath, blood, and urine testing when an officer has reasonable grounds to believe a DUI occurred (KRS 189A.103(1)). Refusing brings consequences on several fronts: the court suspends the license at arraignment, before any conviction (KRS 189A.200(1)(a)); on conviction of a second or third offense within 10 years, refusing a BREATH test doubles the mandatory minimum jail sentence (KRS 189A.105(2)(a)1.b); a breath-test refusal is an aggravating circumstance except on a first offense (KRS 189A.010(11)(e)); a refusal bars the hardship license entirely (KRS 189A.410(3)); and a commercial driver who refuses is disqualified from commercial driving for at least one year (KRS 281A.190(1)(e)). Even if the driver is acquitted of the DUI, a court that finds by clear and convincing evidence that the driver refused must impose the full conviction-length suspension, though it may allow an ignition interlock license (KRS 189A.107(2)(b)). Effective July 15, 2026, the law distinguishes test types: refusing a breath test may be used against the driver in court, while refusing a blood test may not — but either refusal still triggers the arraignment suspension, and in a fatal crash officers must seek a blood-test warrant regardless (KRS 189A.105(2)). Declining by word or act counts as refusal, including refusing a backup blood or urine test after an insufficient breath sample (KRS 189A.005(9))."},"statuteCitation":"Ky. Rev. Stat. § 189A.010","statuteUrl":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=58145","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"louisiana","displayName":"Louisiana","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=78751","citation":"La. R.S. 14:98","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88399","citation":"La. R.S. 32:414.2","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88498","citation":"La. R.S. 32:661","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Louisiana's implied-consent law (§32:661) treats operating a vehicle as consent to a breath, blood, or urine test.","url":"https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88498","citation":"La. R.S. 32:661","status":"value","sortValue":"Louisiana's implied-consent law (§32:661) treats operating a vehicle as consent to a breath, blood, or urine test. Refusing a lawfully requested test brings an administrative license suspension (§32:667) — one year for a first refusal, 2 years for a second refusal within 10 years (a failed test, by contrast, brings 180 days on a first offense). Refusing after two prior refusals is itself a crime, punished like a first DWI (§14:98.7). Evidence of a refusal is admissible at the criminal trial (§32:666). A restricted license with an ignition interlock may be available."},"statuteCitation":"La. R.S. 14:98","statuteUrl":"https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=78751","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"maine","displayName":"Maine","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2411.html","citation":"29-A M.R.S.A. § 2411","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2411.html","citation":"29-A M.R.S.A. § 2411","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2472.html","citation":"29-A M.R.S.A. § 2472","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing or failing to complete a chemical test in Maine triggers administrative license suspension by the Secretary of State under 29-A M.R.S.A. § 2521(5)-(6): 275 days for a first refusal, 18 months for a second, 4 years for a third, and 6 years for a fourth or subsequent refusal.","url":"https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2521.html","citation":"29-A M.R.S.A. § 2521","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing or failing to complete a chemical test in Maine triggers administrative license suspension by the Secretary of State under 29-A M.R.S.A. § 2521(5)-(6): 275 days for a first refusal, 18 months for a second, 4 years for a third, and 6 years for a fourth or subsequent refusal. If probable cause exists that death occurred or will occur, the first-refusal suspension is 1 year (§ 2521(6-A)). The refusal IS admissible as evidence at the OUI trial (§ 2521(3)(B)) — one of the few states that explicitly codifies refusal admissibility. The refusal also serves as an aggravating factor at sentencing, subjecting the person to enhanced mandatory minimums at every tier (§ 2411(5)(A)(3)(b), (B)(2), (C)(2), (D)(2))."},"statuteCitation":"29-A M.R.S.A. § 2411","statuteUrl":"https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2411.html","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"maryland","displayName":"Maryland","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=11-174.1&enactments=false","citation":"Md. Code Ann., Transp. § 11-174.1","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=16-813&enactments=false","citation":"Md. Code Ann., Transp. § 16-813","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=10-307&enactments=false","citation":"Md. Code Ann., Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 10-307","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a test in Maryland is not a standalone crime, but it carries heavy administrative consequences and a conviction-dependent criminal add-on.","url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=16-205.1&enactments=false","citation":"Md. Code Ann., Transp. § 16-205.1","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a test in Maryland is not a standalone crime, but it carries heavy administrative consequences and a conviction-dependent criminal add-on. Administrative: on a refusal the officer confiscates the license, serves an order of suspension, and issues a 45-day temporary license (§ 16-205.1(b)(3)); the suspension is 270 days for a first refusal and 2 years for a second or subsequent (§ 16-205.1(b)(1)(i)5), longer than the test-failure suspensions. Instead of a hearing (10-day window to preserve the temporary license; 30-day outer limit), the driver may elect 1 year in the Ignition Interlock System Program (§ 16-205.1(g)); a refusal otherwise forecloses the ordinary hardship-restricted license — modification comes only through the 1-year interlock (§ 16-205.1(p)). Criminal: if the driver is convicted of a § 21-902 offense and the trier of fact finds beyond a reasonable doubt that the driver knowingly refused a test arising out of the same circumstances, the court may add up to 2 months and/or $500 — but only if the State’s Attorney served notice of the alleged refusal before a guilty or nolo plea, or at least 15 days before a circuit-court trial (5 days in District Court) (§ 21-902(g)(3)-(4)). A driver convicted of DWI (§ 21-902(b)) or drug-impaired driving ((c)) with a proven knowing refusal must be ordered into the interlock Program for 1 year (§ 21-902.3). The refusal itself is admissible in evidence at trial (Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 10-309(a)(2)). Exceptions and mechanics: a test is COMPELLED (no right to refuse) when the driver is detained after an accident resulting in death or life-threatening injury (§ 16-205.1(c)); an initial refusal may be withdrawn by an unequivocal, timely subsequent consent — for alcohol testing, generally within 2 hours of apprehension (§ 16-205.1(h)); multiple administrative offenses from the same incident yield only the single longest suspension (§ 16-205.1(i)). Commercial drivers who refuse are disqualified 1 year (3 years if transporting placarded hazardous materials; life for a second offense) (§ 16-205.1(b)(1)(iii), § 16-812)."},"statuteCitation":"Md. Code Ann., Transp. § 11-174.1","statuteUrl":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=11-174.1&enactments=false","lastReviewed":"2026-10-01","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"massachusetts","displayName":"Massachusetts","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section24","citation":"Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90, §24","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90F","citation":"Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90F","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section24P","citation":"Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90, §24P","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical breath or blood test under M.G.L. c. 90 §24(1)(f)(1) triggers an administrative license suspension by the Registrar.","url":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section24","citation":"Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90, §24","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical breath or blood test under M.G.L. c. 90 §24(1)(f)(1) triggers an administrative license suspension by the Registrar. Count-and-age matrix: 180 days for a first refusal by a driver age 21+ with no priors; 3 years for a driver under 21 with a first refusal OR a driver age 21+ with one prior OUI conviction or §24D assignment; 5 years for two priors (regardless of age); lifetime for three or more priors (regardless of age). Conviction-type escalators (overlay on the count-and-age matrix): 10-year suspension after a prior §24L (OUI causing serious bodily injury) conviction; lifetime revocation after a prior §24G(a), §24G(b) (motor vehicle homicide) conviction or a §13½ ch. 265 conviction. The suspension runs whether or not the underlying criminal charge results in conviction. RMV hearings are available within 15 days under 540 CMR 11.00 (limited to: reasonable grounds, lawful arrest, refusal in fact); court-side recourse is available within 10 days under §24N. See ma-faq-13."},"statuteCitation":"Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90, §24","statuteUrl":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section24","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"michigan","displayName":"Michigan","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-625","citation":"MCL 257.625","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-625m","citation":"MCL 257.625m","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-625","citation":"MCL 257.625","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.17%","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-625","citation":"MCL 257.625","status":"value","sortValue":0.17},"refusal":{"display":"Michigan has TWO distinct 'refusals' that searchers conflate.","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-625c","citation":"MCL 257.625c","status":"value","sortValue":"Michigan has TWO distinct 'refusals' that searchers conflate. (1) The roadside PRELIMINARY breath test (PBT): for an ordinary driver, refusing a lawfully requested PBT is only a CIVIL INFRACTION (§625a(2)(d)) — for a commercial driver it is a misdemeanor (§625a(5)). (2) The EVIDENTIARY chemical test after arrest, governed by implied consent (§625c): refusing it triggers an ADMINISTRATIVE license suspension imposed by the Secretary of State — 1 year for a first refusal, or 2 years for a second or subsequent refusal within 7 years (§625f(1)(a)) — plus 6 points added to the driving record (§625a(6)(b)(v)). The driver has 14 days to request a hearing, which is limited to four issues (§625f(4)). Refusal is NOT a separate crime in Michigan (contrast New Jersey), and refusing does not avoid the OWI case: after a refusal a test is not given without a court order, but the officer may seek a search warrant for blood (§625a(6)(b)(iv)). The driver also has the right to an independent test by a person of their own choosing (§625a(6)(b)(i))."},"statuteCitation":"MCL 257.625","statuteUrl":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-625","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"minnesota","displayName":"Minnesota","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169A.20","citation":"Minn. Stat. § 169A.20","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169A.20","citation":"Minn. Stat. § 169A.20","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169A.33","citation":"Minn. Stat. § 169A.33","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test is its own crime in Minnesota (§169A.20 subd. 2).","url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169A.51","citation":"Minn. Stat. § 169A.51","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test is its own crime in Minnesota (§169A.20 subd. 2). Refusing a BREATH test is criminal outright; refusing a BLOOD or URINE test is a crime only when the test was directed by a search warrant (§169A.20 subd. 2(2); §171.177), and a blood-test refusal can be charged only if a urine test was offered, and vice versa (§169A.51 subd. 4). Refusal with no aggravating factor is third-degree DWI — a gross misdemeanor punishable by up to 364 days and $3,000 — and refusal with one aggravating factor is second-degree DWI (§169A.26 subd. 1(b); §169A.25 subd. 1(b)). On the license side, a first refusal (no qualified prior in 20 years) brings a revocation of at least one year; a §171.30 work/school limited license may be available after a 15-day waiting period (§171.30 subd. 2a(1)), though refusal-branch eligibility depends on the post-2025 §171.30 subd. 1(a)(2)(iii)(A) cross-reference, and enrolling in the §171.306 interlock program is the surest way to keep driving during the revocation; with any qualified prior, the license is revoked until the driver completes the ignition-interlock period (2, 6, or 10 years by prior count) (§169A.52 subd. 3; §171.178 subd. 3 and 8). The officer issues a 14-day temporary license on a breath-test refusal (§169A.52 subd. 7); the warrant track has its own 14-day temporary license (§171.177 subd. 8(c)(2), extended from 7 days effective August 1, 2026, by Laws 2026 ch. 97). Refusal also triggers plate impoundment when a prior, a 0.16+ reading, or a child passenger is involved (§169A.60 subd. 1(d))."},"statuteCitation":"Minn. Stat. § 169A.20","statuteUrl":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169A.20","lastReviewed":"2026-09-03","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"mississippi","displayName":"Mississippi","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mscode/","citation":"Miss. Code § 63-11-30","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mscode/","citation":"Miss. Code § 63-11-30","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mscode/","citation":"Miss. Code § 63-11-30","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test of breath under Mississippi law results in an additional administrative suspension of driving privileges under Miss. Code § 63-11-23 (referenced at § 63-11-30(4)).","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mscode/","citation":"Miss. Code § 63-11-30","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test of breath under Mississippi law results in an additional administrative suspension of driving privileges under Miss. Code § 63-11-23 (referenced at § 63-11-30(4)). The suspension runs consecutively to any court-ordered suspension (§ 63-11-30(10)). A person who was unconscious at the time of a chemical test and refuses to consent to the introduction of the test results also suffers the suspension. Refusal does not create a separate criminal charge but carries administrative consequences."},"statuteCitation":"Miss. Code § 63-11-30","statuteUrl":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mscode/","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"missouri","displayName":"Missouri","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=577.012","citation":"Mo. Rev. Stat. § 577.012","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=577.012","citation":"Mo. Rev. Stat. § 577.012","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=302.505","citation":"Mo. Rev. Stat. § 302.505","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test in Missouri is a civil matter, not a separate crime — there is no jail for the refusal itself, and no escalating refusal ladder.","url":"https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=577.020","citation":"Mo. Rev. Stat. § 577.020","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test in Missouri is a civil matter, not a separate crime — there is no jail for the refusal itself, and no escalating refusal ladder. Missouri's implied-consent law (§ 577.020.1) covers chemical tests of breath, blood, saliva, or urine after an arrest on reasonable grounds of intoxicated driving (and after qualifying under-21 stops), limited to two tests per stop (§ 577.020.2). On refusal, the officer serves a notice of revocation on the spot, takes the license, and issues a 15-day temporary permit (§ 302.574.1); the director of revenue then revokes the license for one year — the \"chemical revocation\" (§ 302.574.3). The driver may petition the circuit court for review and may request a stay (§ 302.574.4). A driver who asks to speak to an attorney is given twenty minutes to attempt contact; continued refusal after that window is a refusal (§ 577.041.3). Reinstatement requires completing the substance abuse traffic offender program (§ 302.574.7), and unless proof of financial responsibility is filed and maintained the revocation runs two years instead of one (§ 302.574.11). A driver with any prior alcohol-related enforcement contact must maintain a certified ignition interlock device for at least six months from reinstatement (§ 302.574.10). Refusal revocations count as alcohol-related enforcement contacts in the administrative five-year window (§ 302.525.3), and no restricted driving privilege is available on a refusal revocation without proof of an interlock (§ 302.309.3(4)). The refusal itself is admissible in evidence in the criminal case (§ 577.041.1)."},"statuteCitation":"Mo. Rev. Stat. § 577.012","statuteUrl":"https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=577.012","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"montana","displayName":"Montana","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0100/section_0020/0610-0080-0100-0020.html","citation":"MCA § 61-8-1002","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0100/section_0020/0610-0080-0100-0020.html","citation":"MCA § 61-8-1002","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0100/section_0020/0610-0080-0100-0020.html","citation":"MCA § 61-8-1002","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a breath, blood, or oral-fluid test under Montana's implied consent law (MCA § 61-8-1016) triggers an automatic administrative license suspension under § 61-8-1032: 6 months for a first refusal, 1 year for a second or subsequent refusal within 5 years — with no restricted or probationary license permitted —…","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0100/section_0160/0610-0080-0100-0160.html","citation":"MCA § 61-8-1016","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a breath, blood, or oral-fluid test under Montana's implied consent law (MCA § 61-8-1016) triggers an automatic administrative license suspension under § 61-8-1032: 6 months for a first refusal, 1 year for a second or subsequent refusal within 5 years — with no restricted or probationary license permitted — plus a $300 administrative fee. CDL holders face a 1-year commercial disqualification on a first refusal and a lifetime disqualification on a second or subsequent refusal (subject to federal reinstatement rules after a minimum 10-year period). Montana also criminalizes refusal in certain circumstances when a prior DUI exists."},"statuteCitation":"MCA § 61-8-1002","statuteUrl":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0100/section_0020/0610-0080-0100-0020.html","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"nebraska","displayName":"Nebraska","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,196","citation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-6,196","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-4,168","citation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-4,168","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,211.01","citation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-6,211.01","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test has TWO consequences in Nebraska.","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,197","citation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-6,197","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test has TWO consequences in Nebraska. (1) CRIMINAL: refusal is a separate crime under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-6,197(3), punished on the same Class W misdemeanor / felony ladder as DUI via §§ 60-6,197.02–60-6,197.08. A prior § 60-6,197 refusal conviction counts as a \"prior conviction\" for a later § 60-6,196 DUI (and vice versa) under § 60-6,197.02(1)(a)(i)–(ii) — both prior lists now include both § 60-6,196 and § 60-6,197 after the 2011 amendments (Laws 2011, LB667 § 34; LB675 § 8), superseding State v. Huff, 282 Neb. 78 (2011), which had read the pre-amendment lists as non-crossover. (2) ADMINISTRATIVE: the officer files a sworn report triggering license revocation under §§ 60-498.01–60-498.04. Refusal is also admissible as evidence at the DUI trial (§ 60-6,197(6))."},"statuteCitation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-6,196","statuteUrl":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,196","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"nevada","displayName":"Nevada","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-484C.html#NRS484CSec110","citation":"NRS § 484C.110","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-484C.html#NRS484CSec110","citation":"NRS § 484C.110","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-483.html#NRS483Sec461","citation":"NRS § 483.461","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing an evidentiary test triggers ADMINISTRATIVE license revocation under NRS 483.490 (the officer files a sworn report; the DMV revokes — 1 year for a first refusal, longer for a second within 7 years).","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-484C.html#NRS484CSec160","citation":"NRS § 484C.160","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing an evidentiary test triggers ADMINISTRATIVE license revocation under NRS 483.490 (the officer files a sworn report; the DMV revokes — 1 year for a first refusal, longer for a second within 7 years). If the officer has reasonable grounds, a warrant may issue authorizing reasonable force to obtain a blood sample (NRS 484C.160(9)). Refusal is NOT a separate crime in Nevada. The officer’s sworn refusal report is admissible at the administrative hearing, and Nevada courts treat the fact of refusal as competent evidence at trial."},"statuteCitation":"NRS § 484C.110","statuteUrl":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-484C.html#NRS484CSec110","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"new-hampshire","displayName":"New Hampshire","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxi/265-a/265-a-2.htm","citation":"RSA § 265-A:2","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxi/265-a/265-a-2.htm","citation":"RSA § 265-A:2","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxi/265-a/265-a-2.htm","citation":"RSA § 265-A:2","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.16%","url":"https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxi/265-a/265-a-3.htm","citation":"RSA § 265-A:3","status":"value","sortValue":0.16},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test triggers an ADMINISTRATIVE license suspension under RSA 265-A:14: 180 days for a first refusal, or 2 years if the person has a prior DWI/aggravated-DWI conviction or a prior refusal.","url":"https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxi/265-a/265-a-4.htm","citation":"RSA § 265-A:4","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test triggers an ADMINISTRATIVE license suspension under RSA 265-A:14: 180 days for a first refusal, or 2 years if the person has a prior DWI/aggravated-DWI conviction or a prior refusal. The suspension runs CONSECUTIVELY to any court-ordered penalty (§ 265-A:14, II), unless the commissioner grants a narrow 10-year-clean-record concurrent-running exception (§ 265-A:14, VI). Refusal is NOT a separate crime in New Hampshire."},"statuteCitation":"RSA § 265-A:2","statuteUrl":"https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxi/265-a/265-a-2.htm","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"new-jersey","displayName":"New Jersey","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://pub.njleg.state.nj.us/Bills/2024/PL25/41_.HTM","citation":"N.J. Rev. Stat. § 39:4-50","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/","citation":"N.J. Rev. Stat. § 39:3-10.13","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.01%","url":"https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/","citation":"N.J. Rev. Stat. § 39:4-50.14","status":"value","sortValue":0.01},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"In New Jersey, refusing the breath test is its own offense under C.39:4-50.4a — not just an administrative penalty — and it is decided in municipal court by a preponderance of the evidence (probable cause, an arrest, and a refusal).","url":"https://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/","citation":"N.J. Rev. Stat. § 39:4-50.2","status":"value","sortValue":"In New Jersey, refusing the breath test is its own offense under C.39:4-50.4a — not just an administrative penalty — and it is decided in municipal court by a preponderance of the evidence (probable cause, an arrest, and a refusal). It carries its own escalating consequences: a first refusal means forfeiting the right to operate until an ignition interlock device is installed, a 9-to-15-month interlock term, and a $300–$500 fine; a second refusal means a 1-to-2-year forfeiture (following installation) and a $500–$1,000 fine; a third or subsequent refusal means an 8-year forfeiture (following installation) and a $1,000 fine. Refusing does NOT avoid the DWI case — a driver can be convicted of both — and a refusal conviction adds the same $100 Drunk Driving Enforcement Fund surcharge and Intoxicated Driver Resource Center referral. For a first refusal the forfeiture may run concurrent with or consecutive to a same-incident DWI forfeiture; for a second or subsequent refusal it runs consecutive. The refusal probable-cause standard reaches stops for marijuana or cannabis impairment. A commercial driver who refuses faces a separate 6-month revocation (or 2 years if subsequent) under C.39:3-10.24."},"statuteCitation":"N.J. Rev. Stat. § 39:4-50","statuteUrl":"https://pub.njleg.state.nj.us/Bills/2024/PL25/41_.HTM","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"new-mexico","displayName":"New Mexico","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4422/1/document.do","citation":"NMSA § 66-8-102","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4422/1/document.do","citation":"NMSA § 66-8-102","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4422/1/document.do","citation":"NMSA § 66-8-102","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.16%","url":"https://www.nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4422/1/document.do","citation":"NMSA § 66-8-102","status":"value","sortValue":0.16},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing chemical testing has THREE consequences.","url":"https://www.nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4422/1/document.do","citation":"NMSA § 66-8-105","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing chemical testing has THREE consequences. (1) ADMINISTRATIVE: license revocation by MVD under §§ 66-8-111/66-5-29 (the Implied Consent Act). (2) CRIMINAL AGGRAVATION: a refusal, combined with a court finding that the driver was under the influence, makes the DWI an AGGRAVATED DWI under § 66-8-102(D)(3), adding mandatory non-suspendable jail — though note State v. Storey (2018-NMCA-009) held § 66-8-102(D)(3) unconstitutional AS APPLIED to warrantless blood draws for drug presence. (3) EVIDENTIARY: the refusal is admissible at the DWI trial (State v. Storey; the refusal is a physical act reflecting consciousness of guilt)."},"statuteCitation":"NMSA § 66-8-102","statuteUrl":"https://www.nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4422/1/document.do","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"new-york","displayName":"New York","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/lawssrch.cgi?NVLWO:","citation":"N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1192","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/lawssrch.cgi?NVLWO:","citation":"N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1192","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/lawssrch.cgi?NVLWO:","citation":"N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1192-a","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.18%","url":"http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/lawssrch.cgi?NVLWO:","citation":"N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1192","status":"value","sortValue":0.18},"refusal":{"display":"Refusal is not a separate New York crime under the cited refusal provisions.","url":"http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/lawssrch.cgi?NVLWO:","citation":"N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1194","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusal is not a separate New York crime under the cited refusal provisions. It can cause immediate court suspension pending a DMV hearing, revocation if the hearing officer finds the statutory issues in the affirmative, civil penalties ($500 generally; $750 for certain repeat/prior cases; $550/$750 commercial variants), and admissibility of refusal at trial after clear warning and continued refusal. Under V&T § 1194(2)(d)(1)(a), the revocation runs at least 1 year on the base path, or at least 18 months when, within the 5 years immediately preceding the date of revocation, the driver has a prior chemical-test refusal under § 1194 OR a prior conviction or finding of violation under any subdivision of § 1192 or under § 1192-a not arising out of the same incident. A DMV refusal hearing decides the refusal/license issues, not criminal guilt on the DWI charge."},"statuteCitation":"N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1192","statuteUrl":"http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/lawssrch.cgi?NVLWO:","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"north-carolina","displayName":"North Carolina","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-138.1.html","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-138.1","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-138.2.html","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-138.2","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-138.3.html","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-138.3","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusal and a DWI arrest set in motion up to THREE INDEPENDENT license tracks that run on separate clocks and survive each other’s outcomes.","url":"https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-16.2.html","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-16.2","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusal and a DWI arrest set in motion up to THREE INDEPENDENT license tracks that run on separate clocks and survive each other’s outcomes. (1) IMMEDIATE CIVIL REVOCATION (§20-16.5): a 30-day pretrial civil revocation imposed by the magistrate at the time of charge when the driver refuses testing or registers 0.08+ (0.04+ commercial, or any concentration if under 21). This is automatic and pretrial — it is not a punishment and does not depend on conviction. (2) REFUSAL REVOCATION (§20-16.2(d)): a separate 12-month revocation by the Division for WILLFULLY REFUSING the chemical analysis. This refusal revocation is civil and INDEPENDENT of the criminal case — it stands even if the driver is later acquitted of the DWI, and it is in addition to any conviction-based revocation. (3) POST-CONVICTION REVOCATION (§20-19): the conviction itself revokes the license — one year (§20-19(c1)), four years (§20-19(d), a prior impaired-driving offense within three years), or permanent (§20-19(e), Aggravated Level One sentence or two-or-more priors within five years). Refusal is NOT itself a separate crime in North Carolina (do not import the separate-refusal-offense model of some other states); its bite is the §20-16.2(d) administrative revocation plus its admissibility as evidence (§20-16.2(a)(3)). See north-carolina-faq-11."},"statuteCitation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-138.1","statuteUrl":"https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-138.1.html","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"north-dakota","displayName":"North Dakota","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c08.pdf#nameddest=39-08-01","citation":"NDCC § 39-08-01","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c06-2.pdf","citation":"NDCC ch. 39-06.2","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c20.pdf#nameddest=39-20-04p1","citation":"NDCC § 39-20-04.1","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.16%","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c08.pdf#nameddest=39-08-01","citation":"NDCC § 39-08-01","status":"value","sortValue":0.16},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing chemical testing has THREE consequences in North Dakota.","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c20.pdf#nameddest=39-20-01","citation":"NDCC § 39-20-01","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing chemical testing has THREE consequences in North Dakota. (1) CRIMINAL: refusal is ITSELF an element of the § 39-08-01 offense (§ 39-08-01(1)(a)(5)) — a driver who refuses is guilty of DUI on the refusal alone (subject to the § 39-08-01(1)(a)(6) advisement requirement). (2) ADMINISTRATIVE: license revocation under § 39-20-04 — 180 days (1st), 2 years (2nd within 7 yr), 3 years (3rd+ within 7 yr). (3) The officer may seek a warrant to compel a blood draw in serious-injury/fatal crashes (§ 39-20-01.1(3))."},"statuteCitation":"NDCC § 39-08-01","statuteUrl":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c08.pdf#nameddest=39-08-01","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"ohio","displayName":"Ohio","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.19","citation":"Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 4511.19","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4506.15","citation":"Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 4506.15","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.19","citation":"Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 4511.19","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.17%","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.19","citation":"Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 4511.19","status":"value","sortValue":0.17},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test after a lawful OVI arrest triggers an Administrative License Suspension (ALS) under §4511.191(B), with the suspension class set by the offender's prior count within a 10-year lookback window — §4511.191(B)(1)(b), (c), and (d) each begin \"within ten years of the date on which the person…","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.191","citation":"Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 4511.191","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test after a lawful OVI arrest triggers an Administrative License Suspension (ALS) under §4511.191(B), with the suspension class set by the offender's prior count within a 10-year lookback window — §4511.191(B)(1)(b), (c), and (d) each begin \"within ten years of the date on which the person refused,\" and §4511.191(B)(1)(a) is the default class-C tier when none of the higher tiers applies. The four ALS tiers are: 1 year (class C per §4510.02(B)(3)) for a first refusal with no qualifying prior refusal or OVI conviction within 10 years under §4511.191(B)(1)(a); 2 years (class B) with one such prior within 10 years under §4511.191(B)(1)(b); 3 years (class A) with two priors within 10 years under §4511.191(B)(1)(c); and 5 years with three or more priors within 10 years under §4511.191(B)(1)(d). The refusal ALS runs independently of any court-ordered suspension that may follow on a conviction, and time served on the ALS is credited against any later court suspension under §4511.191(B)(2). Ohio separately makes refusal-with-prior a chargeable per-se offense: §4511.19(A)(2) criminalizes refusing a chemical test when the arrested driver has, within 20 years, any prior OVI or equivalent conviction — producing the elevated jail floors at §4511.19(G)(1)(a)(ii)/(b)(ii)/(c)(ii)/(d)(ii)/(e)(ii). Refusal is also admissible at trial on the underlying OVI charge as consciousness-of-guilt evidence under Maumee v. Anistik, 69 Ohio St.3d 339 (1994), where the Ohio Supreme Court held that a jury may be instructed that it may consider the defendant's refusal as probative of consciousness of guilt. Section 4511.19(D)(1)(b) and (D)(4) govern the evidentiary admissibility of chemical-test and field-sobriety-test results."},"statuteCitation":"Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 4511.19","statuteUrl":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.19","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"oklahoma","displayName":"Oklahoma","standard":{"display":"Under review","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"under-review","sortValue":-1},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=440142","citation":"47 O.S. § 6-205.2","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=380305","citation":"47 O.S. § 11-906.4","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"Under review","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"under-review","sortValue":-1},"refusal":{"display":"Under review","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"under-review","sortValue":""},"statuteCitation":"Under review","statuteUrl":null,"rowStatus":"under-review","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30"},{"slug":"oregon","displayName":"Oregon","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors813.html","citation":"Or. Rev. Stat. § 813.010","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors813.html","citation":"Or. Rev. Stat. § 813.130","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors813.html","citation":"Or. Rev. Stat. § 813.300","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Driving on Oregon highways or premises open to the public is deemed consent to a breath test — or a blood test if the driver is receiving hospital care after an accident (ORS 813.100(1)).","url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors813.html","citation":"Or. Rev. Stat. § 813.100","status":"value","sortValue":"Driving on Oregon highways or premises open to the public is deemed consent to a breath test — or a blood test if the driver is receiving hospital care after an accident (ORS 813.100(1)). Refusing carries consequences on several tracks. First, refusal is itself a traffic violation with a presumptive $650 fine (ORS 813.095(2)) — it is a violation, not a crime, and the fine is in addition to every other consequence. Second, the DMV suspends the license for one year for a refusal — three years if, within the five years before arrest, the driver had an implied-consent suspension, a conviction, or a diversion, or is currently in diversion (ORS 813.420(1), (2); 813.430); by comparison, FAILING the test brings only a 90-day suspension (one year if enhanced). Third, hardship-permit waits are far longer after a refusal: 90 days versus 30 for a failure, and three years versus one in enhanced cases (ORS 813.520(1) to (4)). Refusing a requested urine test is treated as a breath-test refusal, and its suspension runs consecutively with the hardship wait doubled (ORS 813.132(1)). The suspension is administrative: the outcome of the criminal charge does not affect it, and an acquittal does not undo it (ORS 813.130(3)(b)). A refusal also triggers a mandatory ignition interlock during any later diversion (ORS 813.602(3)(a)(A)(ii)), and a commercial driver who refuses in any vehicle loses commercial privileges for three years — five years if the refusal came while driving a commercial vehicle carrying hazardous materials (ORS 809.510(5))."},"statuteCitation":"Or. Rev. Stat. § 813.010","statuteUrl":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors813.html","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"pennsylvania","displayName":"Pennsylvania","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.038.002.000..HTM","citation":"75 Pa.C.S. § 3802","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.038.002.000..HTM","citation":"75 Pa.C.S. § 3802","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.038.002.000..HTM","citation":"75 Pa.C.S. § 3802","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.16%","url":"https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.038.002.000..HTM","citation":"75 Pa.C.S. § 3802","status":"value","sortValue":0.16},"refusal":{"display":"Refusal carries two independent consequences on two separate tracks.","url":"https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.015.047.000..HTM","citation":"75 Pa.C.S. § 1547","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusal carries two independent consequences on two separate tracks. (1) ADMINISTRATIVE (§1547(b)): PennDOT suspends the operating privilege for refusing chemical testing — 12 months for a first refusal, and 18 months where the person has a prior refusal or a prior §3802 (or former §3731) offense. This administrative suspension applies to refusal of ANY chemical test — breath OR blood, with or without a warrant — and is unaffected by Birchfield. (2) CRIMINAL (§3804(c)): a DUI defendant who refused testing is penalized at the Highest-Rate tier regardless of any measured BAC. §3804(c) on its face reaches a §3802(a)(1) driver who \"refused testing of breath under section 1547 ... or testing of blood pursuant to a valid search warrant,\" so the criminal enhancement applies to refusal of a breath test OR a warrant-backed blood test. After Birchfield v. North Dakota, 579 U.S. 438 (2016), and Commonwealth v. Myers, 164 A.3d 1162 (Pa. 2017), the enhancement cannot rest on refusal of a WARRANTLESS BLOOD draw. The two tracks must not be conflated: the §1547 administrative suspension survives a warrantless-blood refusal; the §3804(c) criminal enhancement requires breath refusal or warrant-backed blood refusal. See pennsylvania-faq-11."},"statuteCitation":"75 Pa.C.S. § 3802","statuteUrl":"https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.038.002.000..HTM","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"rhode-island","displayName":"Rhode Island","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-27/31-27-2.HTM","citation":"RIGL § 31-27-2","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-10.3/INDEX.HTM","citation":"RIGL ch. 31-10.3","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-27/31-27-2.1.HTM","citation":"RIGL § 31-27-2.1","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.15%","url":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-27/31-27-2.HTM","citation":"RIGL § 31-27-2","status":"value","sortValue":0.15},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing chemical testing has escalating consequences in Rhode Island.","url":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-27/31-27-2.1.HTM","citation":"RIGL § 31-27-2.1","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing chemical testing has escalating consequences in Rhode Island. (1) FIRST REFUSAL: a CIVIL traffic-tribunal offense — $200–$500 fine, 10–60 hrs community service, 6mo–1yr license suspension (§ 31-27-2.1(c)(1)). (2) SECOND REFUSAL within 10 yr: a MISDEMEANOR — up to 6 months imprisonment, $600–$1,000, 1–2-year suspension (§ 31-27-2.1(c)(2)). (3) THIRD+ REFUSAL within 10 yr: a MISDEMEANOR — up to 1 year, $800–$1,000, 2–5-year suspension (§ 31-27-2.1(c)(3)). IMPORTANT: refusal of a BLOOD test specifically stays a CIVIL offense even on a second/third violation (§ 31-27-2.1(c)(4)/(5)) — only breath/urine refusal escalates to a misdemeanor. IID may be imposed as a suspension-reduction condition under § 31-27-2.8."},"statuteCitation":"RIGL § 31-27-2","statuteUrl":"https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-27/31-27-2.HTM","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"south-carolina","displayName":"South Carolina","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 56-5-2933","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c001.php","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 56-1-2130","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c001.php","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 56-1-286","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"South Carolina's implied-consent law (§56-5-2950) treats driving as consent to breath, blood, or urine testing.","url":"https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php","citation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 56-5-2950","status":"value","sortValue":"South Carolina's implied-consent law (§56-5-2950) treats driving as consent to breath, blood, or urine testing. Refusing triggers an administrative license suspension separate from the criminal case (§56-5-2951): 6 months for a first refusal, 9 months for a second, 12 months for a third, and 15 months for a fourth or subsequent, counting priors over 10 years. A driver who instead takes the test and registers 0.15%+ faces a shorter administrative suspension (1, 2, 3, or 4 months by prior count). Either way the driver can end the suspension by enrolling in the Ignition Interlock Device Program, or obtain a $100 temporary alcohol license and request a contested-case hearing within 30 days. A refusal may be used against the driver at trial."},"statuteCitation":"S.C. Code Ann. § 56-5-2933","statuteUrl":"https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"south-dakota","displayName":"South Dakota","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-23-1","citation":"SDCL § 32-23-1","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-23-1","citation":"SDCL § 32-23-1","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-23-1","citation":"SDCL § 32-23-1","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing chemical testing triggers administrative license revocation under SDCL §§ 32-23-10 et seq. (1 year for a first refusal; longer for repeat refusals).","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-23-10","citation":"SDCL § 32-23-10","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing chemical testing triggers administrative license revocation under SDCL §§ 32-23-10 et seq. (1 year for a first refusal; longer for repeat refusals). The arresting officer may require the operator to submit to blood withdrawal as evidence after arrest (§ 32-23-10). Refusal is NOT a separate crime in South Dakota, but it carries administrative consequences and may be used in sentencing for repeat offenses."},"statuteCitation":"SDCL § 32-23-1","statuteUrl":"https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-23-1","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"tennessee","displayName":"Tennessee","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/","citation":"Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-10-401","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/","citation":"Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-10-401","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/","citation":"Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-10-415","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test is a civil implied-consent violation, not a crime (Tenn. Code Ann. section 55-10-407(a)), so it carries license revocation rather than jail.","url":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/","citation":"Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-10-406","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test is a civil implied-consent violation, not a crime (Tenn. Code Ann. section 55-10-407(a)), so it carries license revocation rather than jail. The court revokes the license for one year for a first violation — 18 months for a first blood-test refusal in a misdemeanor DUI case on or after January 1, 2026 (Public Chapter 403); effective January 1, 2027, the 18-month period applies to all first-time refusals (Public Chapter 1046) — two years if the driver has a qualifying prior or caused a crash with serious bodily injury, and five years if the crash killed someone. As of January 1, 2026, the tests include oral fluid (saliva), and a refusal still counts even if officers later obtain blood by warrant or other lawful means."},"statuteCitation":"Tenn. Code Ann. § 55-10-401","statuteUrl":"https://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/","lastReviewed":"2026-09-10","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"texas","displayName":"Texas","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.49.htm","citation":"Tex. Penal Code ch. 49","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.522.htm","citation":"Tex. Transp. Code ch. 522","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/AL/htm/AL.106.htm#106.041","citation":"Tex. Alcoh. Bev. Code Sec. 106.041","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusal is not a separate Texas crime.","url":"https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.724.htm","citation":"Tex. Transp. Code ch. 724","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusal is not a separate Texas crime. It can trigger the Chapter 724 ALR refusal track: 180 days for a first refusal, or two years if the driving record shows one or more alcohol-related or drug-related enforcement contacts in the preceding 10 years. Refusal may be introduced at trial, an officer may seek a warrant, and the hearing request must reach DPS not later than the 15th day after notice."},"statuteCitation":"Tex. Penal Code ch. 49","statuteUrl":"https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.49.htm","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"utah","displayName":"Utah","standard":{"display":"0.05%","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6A/41-6a-S502.html","citation":"Utah Code Ann. § 41-6a-502","status":"value","sortValue":0.05},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53/Chapter3/53-3-S418.html","citation":"Utah Code Ann. § 53-3-418","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title53/Chapter3/53-3-S231.html","citation":"Utah Code Ann. § 53-3-231","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a chemical test after a lawful DUI arrest triggers an 18-month license revocation for a first refusal, and a 36-month revocation if the driver has a prior refusal or a §41-6a-502 conviction within 10 years, both administered by the Driver License Division under §41-6a-521.","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6A/41-6a-S520.html","citation":"Utah Code Ann. § 41-6a-520","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a chemical test after a lawful DUI arrest triggers an 18-month license revocation for a first refusal, and a 36-month revocation if the driver has a prior refusal or a §41-6a-502 conviction within 10 years, both administered by the Driver License Division under §41-6a-521. The refusal is admissible at trial as evidence against the driver under §41-6a-524. The refusal revocation runs independently of any license action resulting from the underlying DUI case, and a driver who refuses also becomes an interlock-restricted driver under §41-6a-518.2(2)(b)(ii) for a uniform 2 years following reinstatement — the IRD length is fixed at 2 years regardless of whether the refusal revocation itself is 18 or 36 months."},"statuteCitation":"Utah Code Ann. § 41-6a-502","statuteUrl":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6A/41-6a-S502.html","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"vermont","displayName":"Vermont","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01201","citation":"23 V.S.A. § 1201","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01201","citation":"23 V.S.A. § 1201","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/07/021/00656","citation":"7 V.S.A. § 656","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.16%","url":"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01201","citation":"23 V.S.A. § 1201","status":"value","sortValue":0.16},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing an evidentiary test has escalating consequences in Vermont.","url":"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01202","citation":"23 V.S.A. § 1202","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing an evidentiary test has escalating consequences in Vermont. (1) ADMINISTRATIVE: license suspension under § 1202/§ 1209a. (2) CRIMINAL REFUSAL: a person with a PRIOR § 1201 conviction who refuses is guilty of a separate criminal offense under § 1201(b), sentenced on the § 1210 penalty ladder. (3) REFUSAL IN CRASH: a person involved in a serious-injury/death crash who refuses (where the officer had reasonable grounds) is guilty under § 1201(c). Refusal by a FIRST-TIME offender (no prior) is NOT a separate crime — it triggers only the admin suspension."},"statuteCitation":"23 V.S.A. § 1201","statuteUrl":"https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01201","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"virginia","displayName":"Virginia","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter7/section18.2-266/","citation":"Va. Code Sec. 18.2-266","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter3/section46.2-341.24/","citation":"Va. Code Sec. 46.2-341.24","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter7/section18.2-266.1/","citation":"Va. Code Sec. 18.2-266.1","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.15%","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter7/section18.2-270/","citation":"Va. Code Sec. 18.2-270","status":"value","sortValue":0.15},"refusal":{"display":"First unreasonable refusal is civil and carries a one-year license suspension.","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter7/section18.2-268.2/","citation":"Va. Code Sec. 18.2-268.2","status":"value","sortValue":"First unreasonable refusal is civil and carries a one-year license suspension. Repeat breath refusal within 10 years after a qualifying DUI/refusal/result-crime prior is a Class 1 misdemeanor and carries three-year loss of driving privileges. A first blood refusal is also civil, and a repeat blood refusal carries the same three-year loss of driving privileges. A first-refusal restricted license may be available after 30 days, with IID and VASAP conditions if granted."},"statuteCitation":"Va. Code Sec. 18.2-266","statuteUrl":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter7/section18.2-266/","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"washington","displayName":"Washington","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.61.502","citation":"RCW 46.61.502","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.25.090","citation":"RCW 46.25.090","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.61.503","citation":"RCW 46.61.503","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing the breath test is not a separate crime, but it carries three consequences.","url":"https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.20.308","citation":"RCW 46.20.308","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing the breath test is not a separate crime, but it carries three consequences. First, the Department of Licensing administratively revokes the license for at least 1 year for a first refusal within 7 years, and 2 years for a repeat refusal (RCW 46.20.3101(1)). Second, the refusal may be used against the driver in the criminal trial (RCW 46.20.308(2)(b)). Third, in the criminal penalty schedule a refusal is treated like a 0.15-or-higher result, raising the jail floor, fine floor, and license-loss period (RCW 46.61.5055). The administrative revocation and any conviction-based revocation run concurrently with day-for-day credit, and the driver can apply immediately for an ignition interlock driver’s license (RCW 46.20.385) to keep driving."},"statuteCitation":"RCW 46.61.502","statuteUrl":"https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.61.502","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"west-virginia","displayName":"West Virginia","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-5-2/","citation":"WV Code § 17C-5-2","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-5-2/","citation":"WV Code § 17C-5-2","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-5-2/","citation":"WV Code § 17C-5-2","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"0.15%","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-5-2/","citation":"WV Code § 17C-5-2","status":"value","sortValue":0.15},"refusal":{"display":"Refusing a secondary chemical test results in license revocation \"for a period of at least 45 days and up to life\" under § 17C-5-4(e)(1). The exact revocation period within that range is set by the DMV (post-2020 the statute no longer fixes a tiered refusal-revocation schedule).","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-5-4/","citation":"WV Code § 17C-5-4","status":"value","sortValue":"Refusing a secondary chemical test results in license revocation \"for a period of at least 45 days and up to life\" under § 17C-5-4(e)(1). The exact revocation period within that range is set by the DMV (post-2020 the statute no longer fixes a tiered refusal-revocation schedule). Under the Test and Lock program, a FIRST-offense refusal carries a 45-day revocation floor plus a 1-YEAR ignition-interlock period (§ 17C-5A-3a(c)(2)) — the \"1 year\" that is sometimes quoted for a first refusal is the IID term, not a flat one-year revocation. IMPORTANT CARVE-OUT: refusing a BLOOD test only may NOT result in license revocation (§ 17C-5-4(d)) — a blood test may not be performed without written consent or a warrant (§ 17C-5-4(c)), so a blood-test refusal carries no license consequence. Refusal is NOT a separate crime in West Virginia."},"statuteCitation":"WV Code § 17C-5-2","statuteUrl":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-5-2/","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"wisconsin","displayName":"Wisconsin","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/340.pdf","citation":"Wis. Stat. § 340.01(46m)","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/346.pdf","citation":"Wis. Stat. § 346.63(1)","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"> 0.00%","url":"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/346.pdf","citation":"Wis. Stat. § 346.63(1)","status":"value","sortValue":0},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"Wisconsin § 340.01(46m)(c) sets a lower prohibited alcohol concentration (more than 0.02) for drivers with 3 or more priors or an ignition-interlock order. That is not a higher enhanced or aggravated BAC.","visibleNote":"Lower PAC for 3+ priors / IID — not an enhanced BAC"},"refusal":{"display":"Wisconsin's implied-consent regime at §343.305(2) deems any driver operating a motor vehicle on a Wisconsin public highway to have consented to breath, blood, or urine chemical testing when requested by law enforcement under §343.305(3) following an OWI arrest.","url":"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/343.pdf","citation":"Wis. Stat. § 343.305(2)","status":"value","sortValue":"Wisconsin's implied-consent regime at §343.305(2) deems any driver operating a motor vehicle on a Wisconsin public highway to have consented to breath, blood, or urine chemical testing when requested by law enforcement under §343.305(3) following an OWI arrest. An improper refusal — determined either by the court under §343.305(9)(d) at a timely-requested hearing or entered automatically if no hearing is requested within 10 days per §343.305(10)(a) — results in a standalone court-ordered revocation under §343.305(10)(b) that runs independently of any OWI criminal case: 1 year for a first improper refusal under (10)(b)2, with occupational-license eligibility after 30 days; 2 years under (10)(b)3 when the §343.307(2) prior count within a 10-year window equals 2, with occupational-license eligibility after 90 days or after 1 year if the 5-year prior count equals 2 or more; 3 years under (10)(b)4 when the §343.307(2) lifetime count equals 3 or more, with occupational-license eligibility after 120 days or 1 year on the same 5-year-2-or-more rule. §343.305(10)(b)4m doubles each of those bounds when a minor passenger under 16 was in the vehicle at the time of the incident. An improper refusal is itself a §343.301(1g)(a)1 IID trigger, so a driver who refuses faces mandatory ignition interlock installation under §343.301 regardless of whether the underlying OWI charge results in a conviction. Wisconsin is NOT a member of the Driver License Compact — Chapter 343 contains no DLC implementation; the only reciprocity-style provision in Chapter 343 is §343.16(1)(d) for foreign-license reciprocity — so a Wisconsin refusal revocation does not automatically bind another state to reciprocal action (individual home-state laws may apply under separate state-level authority). Refusal is admissible at trial on the underlying OWI charge as evidence relevant to consciousness of guilt under Wisconsin case law — State v. Albright, 98 Wis. 2d 663, 298 N.W.2d 196 (Ct. App. 1980), held that evidence the defendant refused to take a breathalyzer test was relevant and constitutionally admissible. §343.305(5) provides for admissibility of chemical-test results at proceedings under §346.63 and §343.305(9)(a) supplies the notice-of-intent-to-revoke procedure."},"statuteCitation":"Wis. Stat. § 346.63(1)","statuteUrl":"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/346.pdf","lastReviewed":"2026-08-30","rowStatus":"ok"},{"slug":"wyoming","displayName":"Wyoming","standard":{"display":"0.08%","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf","citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 31-5-233","status":"value","sortValue":0.08},"commercial":{"display":"0.04%","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf","citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 31-5-233","status":"value","sortValue":0.04},"underTwentyOne":{"display":"0.02%","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf","citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 31-7-128","status":"value","sortValue":0.02},"enhanced":{"display":"—","url":null,"citation":null,"status":"omitted","sortValue":"","note":"The state page encodes high-BAC as an aggravator, not a separate per se limit."},"refusal":{"display":"Wyoming takes a WARRANT-BASED approach to refusal — there is NO standalone administrative license suspension for refusing a chemical test (the old refusal-suspension provisions were repealed by Laws 2011, ch. 178).","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf","citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 31-6-102","status":"value","sortValue":"Wyoming takes a WARRANT-BASED approach to refusal — there is NO standalone administrative license suspension for refusing a chemical test (the old refusal-suspension provisions were repealed by Laws 2011, ch. 178). Under § 31-6-102(d), if a person refuses, \"none shall be given except in cases where serious bodily injury or death has resulted or upon issuance of a search warrant\" — so the officer obtains a (possibly remotely-communicated) search warrant and the test is administered anyway. The 90-day administrative suspension under § 31-6-102(e) applies only to a FAILED TEST (BAC ≥ 0.08), not to refusal. The person may still be prosecuted for DUI based on other evidence, and refusal is admissible at trial. Refusal is NOT a separate crime in Wyoming."},"statuteCitation":"Wyo. Stat. § 31-5-233","statuteUrl":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf","lastReviewed":"2026-09-11","rowStatus":"ok"}]}